Catecholamines
The Process of labor does stress an infant, resulting in a release of stress hormones (catecholamines, pronounced “cat-a-cola-means”) that are crucial for the protection and good health of the baby.
Catecholamines cause vital processes in the baby which help it survive and adapt at birth, according to researchers Hugo Lagercrantz and Theodore Slotkin. The effects of the catecholamines on a baby, which include a slowing of the heart rate, protect it from less oxygen during contractions. The baby is also put into a highly alert state that researchers believe may help in infant attachment at birth.

From: A Good Birth & A Safe Birth

What do Catecholamines do?
*Improves Breathing
*Increases lung surfactant
*Increases lung-liquid absorption
*Improves lung compliance
*Dilates bronchioles
*Protects Heart and Brain
*Increases blood flow to vital organs
*Mobilizes Fuel
*Breaks down normal fat into fatty acids
*Breaks down glycogen (in liver) to glucose
*Stimulates new production of glucose by liver
*Facilitates Bonding?
*Dilates pupils
*Appears to increase alertness

From: “The Stress of Being Born”, Lagercrantz and Slotkin

Endorphins-The Body’s Natural Narcotic
Circulating throughout your body are natural hormones that relax you when stressed and relieve pain when you hurt. Most mothers don’t even know these biologic labor assistants exist and, more important, that they can influence when and how these hormones are released. In the 1970′s researchers studying drug addiction stumbled upon the presence of specialized areas in the brain, called receptor sites, for morphine-like substances. They discovered endorphins (from, endogenous, meaning “produced in the body,” and morphine-like substances), chemical pain relievers produced in the nerve cell that attach to receptor sites on the cell blunting the sensation of pain in these cells. Here’s what we know about these natural remedies and how they can work for you.
*Endorphin levels go up during contractions in active labor (especially during the second stage of labor), are highest just after birth and return to prelabor levels two weeks postpartum.
*Endorphin levels were found to be highest during vaginal deliveries, less high in cesarean births in which the mother had also labored, and lowest in cesarean births performed before mother’s labor had begun.
*Endorphin levels are elevated in newborns who had signs of fetal distress during delivery. The baby also receives these natural pain relievers during birth.
*Endorphin levels are increased during strenuous exercise, and there is no activity in the world that is more strenuous than labor.
*As an added benefit, endorphins stimulate the secretion of prolactin, the relaxing “mothering” hormone that regulates milk production and gives a woman a boost in interacting with her baby. Researchers believe that it is a combination of these hormones that contribute to the “birth high”.
*Endorphins may account for the “high” mothers experience after a birth when sleep eludes them. Also, it seems possible that a mother having a surgical birth without going through labor may experience lower hormone levels after birth, which could account for the sometimes observed delay in milk supply after a cesarean birth.
*Like commercially produced narcotics, endorphins behave differently from woman to woman. This may be why some women are more sensitive to pain than others.
*Instead of the periodic “blast” you get with injectable narcotics (often making you groggy), your endorphins give you steady assistance throughout labor.
*Laboring mothers who are aware of these hormonal effects describe their feelings as “naturally drugged.” Set the birthing conditions that let these labor helpers work for you.

From: The Birth Book by William Sears MD & Martha Sears RN

Labor For a While Before Your Cesarean
You may think, “Why should I go through all that work and pain if I’m going to have a cesarean anyway?” While it may be inconvenient for the hospital or doctor, it is often medically beneficial for your baby if you labor as long as possible before an elective cesarean. Besides indication that baby is ready to be born, some precesarean contractions let the baby benefit from the natural hormones of labor. Studies show that babies delivered by cesarean after mothers labor a while have fewer breathing problems in the first few days after birth than babies whose mothers were not in labor. Labor prepares baby for changes that are coming rather than being snatched from his nest without warning.

From: The Birth Book by Dr. William Sears

http://www.mothersnature.com/pregnancy/info/catech.html

Study: Fetal oxygen monitors don’t help

newborns, moms

A large government study has concluded that monitoring fetal oxygen levels during labor does not lead to healthier newborns or reduce unnecessary Caesarean deliveries.

Fetal monitoring has long been controversial. Since the 1970s, doctors have routinely listened to fetal heartbeats despite no real evidence that it did any good. In fact, some research found that it increased the number of C-sections by making doctors nervously reach for a scalpel whenever the monitor showed an abnormal blip.

New technology that measures oxygen levels in the blood of a fetus was thought to offer a better way to tell which babies were truly at risk. In 2000, the Food and Drug Administration conditionally approved one such device, but required further study before allowing it into general use.

The study, published in Thursday’s New England Journal of Medicine, was the biggest to date, involving more than 5,000 women, and was meant to be the definitive word. It was halted early because of overwhelming evidence that the technology was ineffective.

“There’s no reason to use it,” said lead author Dr. Steven Bloom, chief of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. “We didn’t find any evidence of harm, but why should we invest valuable health care dollars in something that doesn’t have a proven benefit?”

In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Michael Greene of Massachusetts General Hospital, who had no role in the research, noted that for once, an expensive technology can be stopped before it finds its way into widespread use. Fetal oxygen monitors are not part of routine care.

“This genie has not yet escaped from the bottle,” he wrote.

In fact, Pleasanton, California-based Nellcor, which received FDA approval to market its OxiFirst devices, stopped selling them earlier this year because of a lack of demand, said company spokeswoman Kristin Garvin.

Garvin could not say how many fetal oxygen machines are installed in U.S. hospitals. In a news release 18 months after gaining FDA approval, Nellcor estimated that more than 400 devices have been used to monitor the births of about 9,000 U.S. babies.

Fetal oxygen machines are designed to be used with traditional electronic monitors, which track heart rate to determine whether the fetus is experiencing stress or lacking oxygen.

In the study, doctors monitored the fetal oxygen levels in 5,341 women pregnant for the first time at 14 university hospitals in the United States. Once a woman’s water breaks, a sensor is inserted into her uterus and placed against the fetus’ temple or cheek. The sensor provides an up-to-the-minute reading of the fetus’ oxygen levels. (The fetal oxygen monitors cost about $10,000 each and the sensors about $150 apiece.)

The women were then randomly separated into two groups. In one group, doctors could read the oxygen levels. For the other group, the information was hidden.

In each group, about 26 percent of deliveries were done by C-section. Doctors also found no difference between the two groups in stillbirths, infections or other newborn problems.

The research was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, part of the National Institutes of Health. Researchers had planned on enrolling 10,000 women, but the study was discontinued because no benefit was seen.

In a statement, the FDA said it was reviewing the study and may revise the label on the monitors or inform hospitals about the findings. The agency said it is unlikely it would withdraw its approval of OxiFirst based on this study alone.

Source: http://edition.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/11/22/fetal.monitors.ap/index.html?eref=yahoo

Brenda’s note: I was unable to open this link the last time I checked, I think it must be too old. I would like to give credit to the author of this article if anyone ever finds another good reference for it. Thanks!

What First Time Mothers Should Know About Pregnancy And Childbirth

For anyone who is pregnant for the first time, the idea of childbirth can be frightening and a bit overwhelming. Typically, a pregnancy takes anywhere from 38 to 42 weeks. Though many first-time mothers indicated that their babies were delivered past their due date, it is always best to be ready and prepared for what is to come during childbirth.

With the advent of modern science and technology in childbirth and childcare, many modern women are afforded more advantages with regards to having a baby than their older counterparts had, and many of these women take advantage of these opportunities. Instead of spending 38 to 42 weeks getting all worked up before the birth of the baby, learn and educate yourself on the process as well as how to care for your newborn.

Nowadays, hospitals and communities offer prenatal classes to prepare you for childbirth during the third trimester. Not only that, libraries as well as the Internet, offer a wealth of information on matters concerning childbirth and child care. Remember though, even with all the preparation every woman’s childbirth is different and unique.

However preparation can equip you with knowledge and this will make you well informed. The thought of childbirth having been gone through by millions of women since the dawn of man offers little consolation to most women. This is because the fear of what is to come is terrifying.

Knowledge however can assist in that it provides a small sense of control over the whole situation. Now women are actively involved in their birthing plans and inform their doctor or midwife how they would like the childbirth to be carried out if all is well with the baby. Although complications can limit your childbirth choices, there are various options that you can choose from for your birth plan.

To prepare for childbirth you can opt to take up childbirth classes, Lamaze classes, hire a doula or labour coach, and read up on the subject. Even though the idea of childbirth and labour can be scary for a first-time mother, in the end it will all be worth it. Once the baby is placed in the mother’s arm, all the pain and discomfort will become nothing but a vague memory.

By learning and understanding the labour and delivery process, you can help prepare yourself for the childbirth. There are many women who claimed that attending Lamaze classes eased their mind as they know what to expect. Having a labour coach, be it your spouse, a partner, your best friend or even a doula can greatly help you throughout the whole process.

As most women opt for natural childbirth, there are others out there who choose a water birth or a home birth. The thing that ties them all together is the fact that each labour and delivery experience will be different for all women.

While you may have had a rough idea as to the type of experiences you would likely have during the birth of your children, take note that there are many other issues and factors that could have an effect on that idea. Remember that the most important thing about all of this is the end result, having a beautiful healthy baby which will make it all worthwhile.

By: Juzaily Ramli

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Juzaily Ramli is the owner of Pregnancy Website. Find out why it is so important to be prepared for your pregnancy at an early stage at Pregnancy Signs and Pregnancy Stages.